Passkeys are built on the FIDO2 standard (CTAP2 + WebAuthn standards). They remove the shared secret, stop phishing at the source, and make credential-stuffing useless.
But adoption is still low, and interoperability between Apple, Google, and Microsoft isn’t seamless.
I broke down how passkeys work, their strengths, and what’s still missing
The biggest disadvantage:
More eggs in the American megacorp basket for more people, yay
Currently I use a FOSS (I think?) password manager, BitWarden, that supports passkeys. I use it across Mac, Windows and Android so I’m while my passkeys are locked yo the password manager, I am not locked to any of the aforementioned megacorps.
I use BitWarden too. OS , device and browser agnostic is a win
But I imagine the vast amount of people will use whatever their platform is pushing, so Apple Google or Microsoft. And in 5 years time “3rd party passkeys” are not “secure enough” and blocked by the OS. (Ok that’s a bit tinfoil hat, but Google’s recent Android app developer verification scheme is fresh in mind)
Your password hashes (assuming they even hash them) already live on their servers…
Cool, they know the hash to that one service I signed up with them. Not every account ever.
Your passkeys aren’t synced to anything, so the passkey is no different than your password hash. They’re device locked unless you use something like bitwarden, so you’re no more dependent on American mega corps than you are right this second.I’m wrong.
Dont they all sync to the respective cloud services?
iOS vault -> synced apple cloud Android vault -> synced with Google cloud?
Windows Hello -> synced with Microsoft account?
And if they’re not synced, that’s even worse. Loose your device and loose your account. Or keep track of which of your 5 devices are have keys for which of your 150 accounts
Say you don’t understand passkeys without saying you don’t understand them…
A passkey uses public key cryptography to secure your account instead of a password, it only grants you access to the one account you set it up for, and the account provider only holds your public key, you control the private key. Your passkey is a secure alternative to passwords because you CANNOT reuse it across services, cannot reasonably remember it, and the method of using it isn’t by copying and pasting into a field like a password, so it isn’t susceptible to the same attacks.
If the provider loses your public key, they can’t give you a challenge to verify you have the private key, so you lose access. Just like if they lose your password hash. It’s an identical scenario.
The assumption is that the native passkey manager on the device (iPhone, android, windows) would sync the passkeys (to Apple , Google, Microsoft) for protection against device failure and easy of use across devices. Or you risk loosing your accounts if you loose your device.